When you’re pregnant, there are a lot of everyday activities to think twice about — from what you eat to how you move and even the products you use to clean your home. “When you're pregnant, the ‘blueprint’ for your baby's body and brain are being mapped out,” says Samantha Radford, Ph.D., a chemist, exposure scientist and founder of Evidence-Based Mommy. That means that what you do, what you touch and what you breathe in while pregnant matters even more so than usual.
“Potentially toxic substances that get into your blood circulation by swallowing, inhalation or absorption from the skin may cross this fine placental barrier to the fetus,” says Ronald M. Caplan, M.D., an OB-GYN and clinical associate professor emeritus at Weill Cornell Medical College in New York City. Depending on which chemicals you’re exposed to (as well as how much and how often you are exposed to them), this can put the fetus at risk, cautions Bruno J. Caridi, M.D., an OB-GYN at Mount Sinai in New York City.
“Most store-bought home cleaning products are safe to use during pregnancy,” says Kelly Johnson-Arbor, M.D., a medical toxicology physician and co-director of the National Capital Poison Center — provided that people use them as directed. That said, certain chemicals common in cleaning products, like parabens and phthalates, have been linked to potential health issues for moms and babies. “There is also ongoing research that’s looking at whether toxic cleaning chemicals are linked with childhood developmental disorders such as ADHD and autism,” Dr. Caridi says. (The risks are likely higher for women whose jobs regularly expose them to chemicals, such as healthcare workers, hospital staff and nail technicians.)
For these reasons, pregnant people might want to avoid using certain cleaning products, says Dr. Johnson-Arbor. If you have the time and energy, The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) suggestsmaking your own cleaning products using things like vinegar and baking soda. However, if you prefer to buy your cleaning products (or if the thought of DIY is utterly unappealing), the ACOG recommends using products labeled “nontoxic,” or ones the Environmental Working Group (EWG) has deemed safe. The nonprofit ranks and grades products based on the potential toxicity of their chemical ingredients.
How we chose the best pregnancy-safe cleaning products
- We sought out advice from four OB-GYNs, a chemist and a medical toxicologist to help inform our selections. Per their guidance, all of the cleaning products on our list are free from parabens and phthalates. We also limited the number of products with fragrances, per their advice.
- We searched the EWG’s database for products that were either EWG VERIFIED (meaning the product meets EWG's strictest criteria for transparency and health) or received a letter grade of “A,” which indicates a very low potential hazard to health. Though not every product on the list meets these strict requirements, many do.
- We vetted feedback from parents in the What to Expect community, who shared insight about the cleaning products that worked best for them.
One thing to note: These product formulas have not necessarily been clinically tested or clinically proven to be safe during pregnancy, says Tarun Jain, M.D., an associate professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, medical director of the Northwestern Fertility & Reproductive Medicine-West Region and member of the What to Expect Medical Review Board. "They just seem empirically safe based on their ingredient profile," he says.
Ingredients to avoid during pregnancy
Most home cleaning products rely on ingredients that may be harmful to a developing baby. Here are products and ingredients you’ll want to steer clear of:
- Phthalates: This group of chemicals — commonly used in products to help dissolve materials or make plastic more flexible — can cross the placenta and potentially impact hormonal function, brain development and reproductive function, says Dr. Johnson-Arbor. Phthalates “have been linked to miscarriage and fetal growth restriction (FGR), a condition that causes an unborn baby to be smaller than expected for its gestational age,” says Dr. Caridi. Exposure to phthalates could also increase the risk in male fetuses for congenital reproductive anomalies, says Kecia Gaither, M.D., an OB/GYN and director of perinatal services at Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center, NYC Health + Hospitals System in the Bronx, NY.
- Parabens: Like phthalates, parabens (which are typically used as preservatives) can cross the placenta and potentially affect fetal development, says Dr. Johnson-Arbor. They are also associated with gestational diabetes, she says.
- Aerosol cleaners: These products break up liquid cleaning products into super small particles that can be inhaled deep within the lungs — which might trigger breathing problems in people with heart or lung diseases, says Dr. Johnson-Arbor. “These compounds are irritating to the respiratory system and can aggravate clinical medical entities such as asthma or emphysema,” agrees Dr. Gaither. Spray cleaning products are also associated with a higher occurrence of wheeze and asthma diagnosis in young children.
- Fragrances: When possible, Dr. Caridi says it’s best to use fragrance-free cleaning products, as fragranced products often contain or are made using phthalates. Fragranced products might also trigger asthma attacks in people with the condition. When you can, opt for “fragrance-free,” not “unscented,” as the latter may have fragrances that mask other smells to keep the overall scent neutral.
What to consider when cleaning during pregnancy
In addition to avoiding specific ingredients and products, Dr. Caplan recommends you keep the below pointers in mind while cleaning during pregnancy:
- Don’t breathe in fumes, as they can make you dizzy, nauseous or cause breathing problems. (And sadly, masks don’t always help, according to Dr. Johnson-Arbor.)
- Wear gloves when cleaning to minimize absorption of chemicals into your skin.
- If a cleaning product is irritating to you, stop using it.
- If possible, open the windows and let in the fresh air. Broadly speaking, make sure that you’re cleaning in a well-ventilated area.
- If possible, allow others to help with the cleaning.
- Never mix chemicals (like ammonium and bleach). “You can create something that has exceedingly toxic fumes,” says Dr. Gaither.
With that, keep reading for the best pregnancy-safe cleaning products: